کنفرانس ملی مهندسی و مدیریت محیط زیست

صفحه اصلی / هفتمین کنفرانس ملی مهندسی و مدیریت محیط زیست

Health Risk Assessment of 1,3-Butadiene: Method-Driven Variability in Exposure Estimates

نویسندگان :

Hamidreza Shahrjerdi¹ Alireza Pardakhti² Aziz Azizpour³ Arash Kouhi⁴

1- گروه مهندسی محیط زیست دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 2- گروه مهندسی محیط زیست دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 3- گروه مهندسی محیط زیست دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 4- گروه مهندسی محیط زیست دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

کلمات کلیدی :

1،3-Butadiene،Carcinogenic pollutant،Risk assessment،Exposure assessment،Active sampling،Passive sampling

چکیده :

1,3-Butadiene is a highly reactive, carcinogenic volatile organic compound for which accurate exposure assessment is critical to credible health-risk evaluation. This study investigates how sampling‐method selection influences measured 1,3-butadiene concentrations and the resulting cancer and non-cancer risk metrics. A field campaign was conducted in Shizuoka, Japan, using three co-located approaches: calibrated passive (diffusive) sampling, active sampling with an in-line ozone scrubber, and active sampling without ozone scrubbing. Average outdoor concentrations obtained by active sampling with an ozone scrubber were approximately fourteen-fold higher than those from active sampling without scrubbing, whereas passive sampling yielded concentrations about four times greater than the scrubbed active method. These order-of-magnitude discrepancies were propagated through the U.S. EPA inhalation risk-assessment framework to estimate chronic daily intake, excess lifetime cancer risk, and hazard quotients under two exposure scenarios: a 30-year occupational setting and continuous lifetime urban residency. Except for the lowest occupational case, all hazard quotients exceeded unity, and several cancer-risk estimates (up to 3.45 × 10⁻³) surpassed conventional regulatory benchmarks (10⁻⁴). The spread between minimum and maximum cancer-risk estimates approached a factor of 250, indicating that method-induced variability can rival or exceed true spatiotemporal variation in ambient levels. The findings highlight the necessity of method validation, explicit consideration of sampling artifacts such as ozone interference and volatilization losses, and transparent documentation of sampling strategy when deriving health-protective standards for 1,3-butadiene and other reactive VOCs.